Many Lives, Many Masters of the Hydrogen Economy
In terrorist attacks and global demand stimulated by the strong international market oil prices have been high, while the demand for energy is growing. In this case, the search for alternative energy sources is increasing, “hydrogen economy - PA2487UR, PA2487UR-G, Satellite 510 Series, Satellite 4300 Series, Satellite Pro 2100 Series and 182281-001, EVO N100, Evo N1000V, Business Notebook nc8000, Presario 2800T” concept, therefore the surface.
With the world economy has sustained rapid development of the huge demand for energy led to the emerging energy crisis, the scientific community is exploring a wide range of future energy technologies.
Hydrogen as a clean, efficient and secure new energy sources, be regarded as the most development potential of the 21st century energy. Over the years, developed countries in the world of scientific research and production practice has proved to hydrogen is dependent on oil from the most economical source of energy. Experts even believe that hydrogen will be the key to the future of the world’s main source of energy.
Hydrogen’s advantages of birth and the day after tomorrow
In terrorist attacks and global demand stimulated by the strong international market has been high oil prices. Especially in the next 20 years, countries are expected to increase in demand for energy will reach more than 50%. As the earth’s oil resources are limited and uneven distribution, in the long run, there is no reason for oil prices to be optimistic.
In this case, the development of alternative energy sources is increasing(pa3356u-1brs, pa3356u-2brs, pa3356u-3brs, toshiba satellite a50 battery, toshiba tecra a3x battery, toshiba tecra a9 battery, toshiba tecra m3 battery, toshiba tecra a2 battery, toshiba tecra m5 battery, toshiba tecra m2 battery, toshiba tecra m6 battery, toshiba tecra m9 battery, toshiba tecra s3 battery, toshiba satellite a55 battery). Among them, hydrogen energy to replace oil, build a “hydrogen economy” of the future, it is quite highly regarded by many experts. It is reported that the benefits of the use of hydrogen energy is the obvious: the universe, hydrogen is the most abundant element, its everywhere on Earth. In addition, after the hydrogen is burned water and heat, not like oil or coal, the combustion produces carbon dioxide and other harmful substances. In addition, the fuel cell can also be hydrogen into electricity to provide drive power to all means of transport.
Multi-use form of hydrogen, either through the combustion heat generated in the heat engine mechanical work, but also can be used as materials for fuel cell energy, or converted to structural material used for solid-state hydrogen. Using hydrogen instead of coal and oil, not of existing technology and equipment to do a major transformation, the internal combustion engine modified to use a little.
Hydrogen has been the application of “pioneer”
In recent years, automobile hydrogen fuel cells in the small and the advancement of power has made great progress. Canadian-made hydrogen fuel cell buses have been put into practical use; the United States General Motors Corporation has launched the fuel cell prototype vehicle, Ford Motor Company also plans to manufacture the end of the year about 30 fuel trucks; other car manufacturers such as Toyota, Honda ready in the next 5 years to allow hydrogen vehicle road tests.
U.S. President George W. Bush State of the Union speech in 2003, proposed 1.2 billion U.S. dollars into research and development use hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. U.S. Department of Energy announced that it would invest 350 million U.S. dollars the first funds to subsidize automobile factory(8n544, dell latitude d800 battery, dell inspiron 8500 battery, dell inspiron 8600 battery and f4809a, f4812a, 319411-001, dell presario 2100 battery, dell presario 2500 battery and pcga-bp2nx, pcga-bp2ny and a1012, m8244), private companies and research institutions to conduct research and development of hydrogen vehicles, including the scope of the study of hydrogen storage, fuel cells, infrastructure development and hydrogen education and so on.
Now, scientists are studying a “solid hydrogen,” the spacecraft. Solid-state hydrogen can be used as a spacecraft structural materials, but also as fuel spacecraft. During the flight, the spacecraft all the non-critical parts and components can be converted to energy “consumed.” In this way, the spacecraft in the universe can be a longer flight time.
In supersonic aircraft and long-range intercontinental aircraft powered by hydrogen fuel research has been conducted for many years, now in prototype and test phase. In the area of transport, the United States, Germany, France, Japan and other major powers have long been the introduction of motor vehicles to hydrogen-fueled model cars, and hundreds of thousands of kilometers of roads to run the experiment. Among them, the United States, Germany, France and other countries is the use of metal hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen is used in Japan.
Hydrogen is not only a high-quality fuel, or petroleum, chemical, fertilizer and metallurgical industry of the important raw materials and materials. Oil and other fossil fuels hydrogen refining needs, such as hydrocarbons by hydrogen, coal gasification, heavy oil refining, etc.; chemical system ammonia, methanol also need hydrogen; hydrogen can also be used to restore the iron ore; use hydrogen fuel made from battery can directly power generation; the use of fuel cells and hydrogen - steam combined cycle power generation, the energy conversion efficiency will be much higher than the existing thermal power plants. With the advances in hydrogen production technology and means of improving the hydrogen storage(dell latitude d820 battery, dell latitude d830 battery and pa3191u-1brs, pa3191u-2brs, pa3191u-3brs, pa3191u-4brs, pa3128u-1brs, toshiba portege m200 battery, toshiba portege m400 battery, toshiba tecra m4 battery), hydrogen energy to the energy in the 21st century style stage show.
“Hydrogen Economy” bottleneck to be broken
At present, the separation of the high cost of hydrogen is to develop hydrogen energy economy, one of the biggest problems. Hydrogen does not simply exist in nature, but must take it from other substances separated. It is best to use wind, solar or geothermal electricity, it separated from the water. Preparation of hydrogen technology has a long-term application in industry, but production costs are too high. Only the cost of hydrogen production is currently reduced to 1 / 10 of the following in order to really start the Hydrogen Economy. Scientists are studying the use of biochemical or biological methods to produce hydrogen, in order to reduce production costs.
Hydrogen economy is another great challenge in terms of security. Colorless and tasteless as a result of hydrogen, the flame almost colorless, how to safely store vehicles, how to add the location of a similar hydrogen filling stations are the problem. Of greater concern is how to effectively store hydrogen for fuel cells, has not received very good technical solution. In the existing hydrogen storage technology, not a hydrogen powered car can achieve the security requirements. However, technological development will solve this problem sooner or later, for example, when the car has just been launched, many people think of car installed 10 liters or 5 liters of petrol will be very much afraid. But now, this has become a very common thing.
Hydrogen energy in China poised to take off
Hydrogen as a clean, efficient(dell xpsm1210 battery, nf343 and ibm thinkpad r40 battery, ibm thinkpad r32 battery.02k6928, 02k7052, 02k7053, 02k7054, 02k7055, 02k7056, 02k7057, 02k7058, 02k7059, 02k7060, 02k7061), safe and sustainable energy, is a growing concern by the States. Hydrogen production in China has reached more than 800 million tons, second only to the United States to become the world’s second largest producer of hydrogen.
International Hydrogen Energy Association, a professor at Tsinghua University, said Mao-Qiang, China’s hydrogen energy technology is booming, high-pressure water electrolysis technology, rare-earth hydrogen storage alloy and a rocket engine using hydrogen technology has reached the world advanced level; to hydrogen as a driving force, only the emission of water not exhaust the fuel cell car, the successful development of fuel cell passenger cars and run the experiment more than 2,000 kilometers.
Automotive industry experts believe that hydrogen fuel cell development of new technologies, such as China and other developing countries on more favorable grounds that: the basis of China’s auto industry, gas stations have not yet formed the basis of the size of the building, entirely possible to jump directly to “hydrogen economy” era a lot of money saved.
At present, electric vehicles, the project has been strong support from relevant Chinese departments, was included in 863. This year, the total investment of 32.36 million U.S. dollars for a period of 5 years in China to commercialize fuel cell bus demonstration project has been officially launched.
The industry believes that the China Automotive Technology and is gradually moving towards a crossroads, with the others simply followed the introduction of technology, or seize the vehicle of new energy, new technologies, the development of the favorable opportunity will depend on the development of the next few years.
At the same time, as hydrogen energy “vector” of the nickel-hydrogen batteries(gk479, fk890, dell inspiron 1520 battery, dell inspiron 1521 battery, dell inspiron 1720 battery, dell inspiron 1721 battery and 434674-001, ex942aa, hp pavilion dv9000 battery, hp pavilion dv9100 battery, hp pavilion dv9200 battery, hp pavilion dv9500 battery, hp pavilion dv9600 battery) have been in recent years, China-related enterprises and consumers, their cell phones, notebook computers, digital cameras, as well as applications for electric bikes is very promising, is known as information and communication network is the new “blood.” According to forecasts, by 2010, China mobile phone battery market demand from 20 to 30 billion yuan between the nickel-metal hydride batteries which accounted for 70%.
On hydrogen
Hydrogen at the first periodic table, its atomic number is 1, in the gaseous state under normal temperature and pressure in the ultra-low temperature and high pressure liquid can become.
In all elements, hydrogen lightest weight. In the standard state, its density is 0.0899 grams; -252.7 ℃ in, they can become liquid; if the pressure increased to hundreds of atmospheric pressure, the liquid metal can be turned into hydrogen.
In all gases, the best thermal conductivity of hydrogen, than the majority of gas thermal conductivity 10 times higher, so the hydrogen in the energy industry is an excellent heat transfer carrier.
Hydrogen is the most common natural elements exist, it is estimated that it constitutes 75% of the quality of the universe. In addition to the air contains hydrogen, it mainly in the form of compounds stored in the water, and water is on earth the most extensive material. It is estimated that if the water in all the extracted hydrogen, the total heat it generates more than all the fossil fuels on Earth emit heat 9000 times greater.
Combustion properties of hydrogen, and ignited quickly, when mixed with air have a broad range of flammable and ignite the high combustion speed.
Hydrogen itself non-toxic, and other fuels when compared to the cleanest burning hydrogen, with the exception of a small amount of water and nitrogen generating hydrogen does not produce things such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, lead compounds and dust particles are harmful to the environment and other pollutants(6t473, dell inspiron 1100 battery, dell inspiron 1150 battery, dell inspiron 5100 battery, dell inspiron 5150 battery, dell inspiron 5160 battery and compaq evo n600 battery, compaq evo n600c battery, compaq evo n610c battery, compaq evo n610v battery, compaq evo n620c battery).
The United States preliminary infringement of China’s Zhejiang 400 million battery cells blocked the export case
After the investigation of intellectual property rights, in June this year, the United States finds that the preliminary ruling of the Chinese battery production of mercury-free alkaline batteries, the United States constitute the Energizer battery EVEREADY Holdings Group and the company’s violations.
If the United States eventually established that the infringement of China’s enterprises, it would have to pay high royalties, accounting for about 20% of Zhejiang’s annual output of about 400 million batteries, will face the loss of price advantage of the situation and hampered exports.
Facing difficulties, Zhejiang battery manufacturer, has chosen to find another way out. According to Hangzhou Customs statistics, the preliminary results of the first month after, Zhejiang Province exported 180 million batteries, valued at 13,644,000 U.S. dollars, an increase of 36.7% and 45.1%, is the largest one month during the first half of exports. Exports to the United States of which 1.887 million U.S. dollars, down 16.8 percent, accounting for 13.8% of the province’s exports, January-May this year the share dropped 5.1 percentage points, to shrink the U.S. market. At the same time, Japan’s export 1.744 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 1.1 times; of ASEAN exports 1.238 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 21.4 times.
At present, China’s battery(f4486b, f4486a, cgr-b1870ae, pavilion ze1100 and 381374-001, 398876-001, pb992a, hstnn-lb11, Business Notebook nx7400 and gw240, dell inspiron 1525 battery, dell inspiron 1526 battery and asm 92p1168, fru 92p1167, ibm thinkpad x60 battery and d7310, dell inspiron 700m battery, dell inspiron 710m battery, f5136) industry is still trying to restore lost hope that change in the final preliminary conclusions. Trade experts point out that the preliminary investigation the United States has given China’s battery manufacturers issued a warning. Although China’s exports of batteries from the United States transferred to other countries, but with the battery industry in China continue to expand production capacity, in other countries and regions of China may also be the battery, such as the use of technical barriers to trade protection. So experts believe that China’s battery industry standards as soon as possible to improve access, control capacity and improve production techniques to enhance exports of intellectual property rights protection.